Application development typically occurs in four phases:
n Design. The initial specification for the application is developed. This specification can be based on a variety of sources: customer feedback, input of project management or development team members, requests for enhancement, necessary bug fixes, or systems analysis.
n Develop. Individual modules are created or modified, possibly incorporating a wide variety of languages, tools, or platforms.
n Test. The modules are tested. This generally occurs in two stages: unit test and system test. Unit test is testing at a modular or functional level; for example, testing UI
elements such as menus or buttons. System test tests the integration of major portions of the code; the backend with the UI, for example.
elements such as menus or buttons. System test tests the integration of major portions of the code; the backend with the UI, for example.
n Deploy. The modules are packaged together in an installable form and delivered to customers.
Figure 1–1 The phases of the development lifecycle: input and deliverables
As the application grows in size and complexity, the four phases are repeated iteratively, and the amount of information produced (actual code, bug reports, enhancement requests, etc.) grows. Yet all input and deliverables for all phases must be tracked and maintained to ensure the integrity of the final deliverable: the application your customer installs.
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